Scabies is a highly contagious skin infestation caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei

 Scabies is a highly contagious skin infestation caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei. The mites burrow into the skin, causing intense itching, rash, and irritation. Scabies is spread through prolonged skin-to-skin contact with an infected person, and it can also be spread through contact with infested clothing or bedding.

Medicines Used in the Treatment of Scabies (India)

Treatment for scabies focuses on eradicating the mites and relieving symptoms. Several topical and oral medications are available.

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**1. Topical Medications

a) Permethrin Cream

• Mechanism of Action: Permethrin is a synthetic pyrethroid that works by disrupting the nervous system of the mites, causing paralysis and death. It is considered the first-line treatment for scabies.
• Brand Names in India:
  • Elimite, Permite, Skabiz

b) Lindane Lotion

• Mechanism of Action: Lindane is an organochlorine compound that works by affecting the nervous system of the mites, leading to their death. It is used when first-line treatments are not effective or not available.
• Brand Names in India:
  • Kwell, Lindane Lotion

c) Sulfur Ointment

• Mechanism of Action: Sulfur is a topical antiparasitic agent that disrupts the metabolism of the mites, leading to their death. It is typically used in cases where other treatments are contraindicated or ineffective.
• Brand Names in India:
  • Various formulations available in pharmacies

d) Crotamiton Cream

• Mechanism of Action: Crotamiton has both antiparasitic and anti-inflammatory properties, though it is generally less effective than permethrin. It works by killing the mites and reducing itching.
• Brand Names in India:
  • Eurax

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**2. Oral Medications

Oral medications are typically used in severe cases of scabies or when topical treatments are not effective or tolerated.

a) Ivermectin

• Mechanism of Action: Ivermectin is an antiparasitic agent that works by binding to specific chloride channels in the nervous system of the mites, causing paralysis and death. It is often used for crusted scabies or when topical treatments fail.
• Brand Names in India:
  • Stromectol, Ivermax

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**3. Supportive Treatments

a) Antihistamines

• Mechanism of Action: Antihistamines such as diphenhydramine can help relieve itching associated with scabies by blocking histamine receptors.
• Brand Names in India:
  • Benadryl, Cetirizine

b) Topical Steroids

• Mechanism of Action: Topical steroids reduce inflammation and itching by suppressing the immune response in the skin.
• Common Drugs:
  • Hydrocortisone Cream (Brand Names: Cortaid, H-Cort)

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Conclusion

Scabies treatment focuses on eliminating the mites and relieving symptoms. Topical medications like permethrin cream and lindane lotion are commonly used as first-line treatments. Oral ivermectin is reserved for severe or resistant cases. Supportive treatments, such as antihistamines and topical steroids, can help manage itching and inflammation. Proper application of medications and hygiene measures, such as washing infested clothing and bedding, are crucial to prevent reinfestation and spread.